Christmas in Poland (Boże Narodzenie)
Wigilia on 24 December, the 12 dishes, breaking the opłatek, and what a newcomer should expect over the Polish Christmas.
Updated 2026-01-20 · 1 min read
Wigilia — Christmas Eve
The most important family gathering is Wigilia on 24 December. The dinner starts when the first star appears in the sky.
The 12 dishes
A traditional Wigilia table has 12 meatless dishes (symbolising the 12 apostles or months), including:
- Barszcz (beetroot soup) with uszka dumplings.
- Carp, herring, and other fish.
- Pierogi with cabbage and mushrooms.
- Kutia (sweet wheat pudding) and makowiec (poppy seed cake).
Breaking the opłatek
Before the meal, family members share a thin white wafer (opłatek) and exchange good wishes. Everyone breaks off a piece of each other's wafer.
After dinner
- Gifts are opened (brought by Święty Mikołaj).
- Many attend Pasterka — midnight Mass.
- An empty place is traditionally left at the table for an unexpected guest.
Public holidays
25 and 26 December are non-working days. Shops and offices close.
FAQ
- Is 24 December a public holiday?
- 24 December is a working day, but shops close early. The public holidays are 25 and 26 December.
- Do I give gifts on Christmas?
- Yes, gifts are exchanged after the Wigilia dinner on 24 December, traditionally brought by Święty Mikołaj (Saint Nicholas).
Sources
- Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze (Polish Ethnological Society) (updated 2026-01-12)
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