Poland Immigrant Info

Christmas in Poland (Boże Narodzenie)

Wigilia on 24 December, the 12 dishes, breaking the opłatek, and what a newcomer should expect over the Polish Christmas.

Updated 2026-01-20 · 1 min read

Christmas in Poland (Boże Narodzenie)
On this page
  1. Wigilia — Christmas Eve
  2. The 12 dishes
  3. Breaking the opłatek
  4. After dinner
  5. Public holidays

Wigilia — Christmas Eve

The most important family gathering is Wigilia on 24 December. The dinner starts when the first star appears in the sky.

The 12 dishes

A traditional Wigilia table has 12 meatless dishes (symbolising the 12 apostles or months), including:

  • Barszcz (beetroot soup) with uszka dumplings.
  • Carp, herring, and other fish.
  • Pierogi with cabbage and mushrooms.
  • Kutia (sweet wheat pudding) and makowiec (poppy seed cake).

Breaking the opłatek

Before the meal, family members share a thin white wafer (opłatek) and exchange good wishes. Everyone breaks off a piece of each other's wafer.

After dinner

  • Gifts are opened (brought by Święty Mikołaj).
  • Many attend Pasterka — midnight Mass.
  • An empty place is traditionally left at the table for an unexpected guest.

Public holidays

25 and 26 December are non-working days. Shops and offices close.

FAQ

Is 24 December a public holiday?
24 December is a working day, but shops close early. The public holidays are 25 and 26 December.
Do I give gifts on Christmas?
Yes, gifts are exchanged after the Wigilia dinner on 24 December, traditionally brought by Święty Mikołaj (Saint Nicholas).

Sources

  1. Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze (Polish Ethnological Society) (updated 2026-01-12)

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